I will talk about Best Smart Contract Languages for Web3 Development in this article, elaborating on their distinctive characteristics and applications.
Each of these programming languages has an adoption niche ranging from the dominating Solidity used for dApps on Ethereum, the Vyper security language, and the Solana Rust performance language.
These languages are necessary to know to be able to build dApps, privacy oriented solutions, or enterprise grade contracts as they provide the basis for Web3 development.
In this article, I will help you select the most suitable programming language for efficient decentralized applications.
10 Best Smart Contract Languages for Web3 Development
1. Solidity
In the near future, it is projected that entire cities will be composed of living and moving structures, and Solidity will be the architectural language most widely used for Web3 development and it is anticipated that during that time this will be a common oracle language used for Ethereum smart contracts.

Solidity is developer friendly because of its extensive documentation and active developer community, but, Unfortunately, if the language is not mastered, it can create a lot of vulnerabilities due to its complexity.
It is perfect for blockchains which are EVM compatible such as Binance Smart Chain, Polygon, and of course Ethereum.
Solidity Features
- Supports statically typed, object-oriented features.
- Constructs smart contracts for Ethereum and EVM-compatible blockchains.
- Supports inheritance and libraries.
- Maintains comprehensive documentation and has a wide developer base.
2. Vyper
Empires are built by investing in projects which in the future achieve featAlright, let me try to start rephrasing that. Building an empire means investing in projects which currently have lesser visibility, but can in future make a big mark in the world, and Vyper is just that.

Imagine looking back years into the future and just remembering how easy it was to invest in Vyper. Well why wouldn’t you because Vyper is a Pythonic smart contract language for Ethereum, whose core focus is simplicity and security.
It can also take quite some time to master, as well as building a community around it, but it can pose a huge drawback while working on more complex projects due to its limited functionality.
Vyper Features
- The syntax is intended to enhance readability and is similar to Python.
- Simplicity and security is prioritized.
- Does not permit inheritance to limit vulnerabilities.
- Makes auditable contracts that are efficient on gas.
3. Rust
Rust is a powerful, systems-level language gaining traction in Web3, especially for blockchains like Solana and Polkadot.

It offers memory safety, high performance, and concurrency, making it ideal for building scalable and secure smart contracts. Rust’s steep learning curve is offset by its growing ecosystem and strong developer community.
4. Move
Move is a language designed for the Diem blockchain (formerly Libra) and is now used by Aptos and Sui. It focuses on resource-oriented programming, ensuring assets are handled securely.

Move’s unique approach to ownership and storage makes it highly secure and efficient for financial applications.
Move Features
- Resource-oriented programming designed for secure asset handling.
- Intended for block chains like Aptos and Sui.
- Concentrates on safety and scalability.
- Distinct ownership model for digital assets.
5. Cairo
Cairo is a language used for writing programs that can be verified, most commonly used for StarkNet, an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution.

It lets developers construct dApps in a more scalable and private way with zero-knowledge proof. The distinguishing features of Cairo make it the perfect fit for high-end cryptographic systems.
Cairo Features
- Enables zero-knowledge proofs and provable programs.
- Created for StarkNet and zk-rollups.
- Concentrates on scalability and privacy.
- Possess advanced cryptographic capabilities.
6. Yul
Yul is C-like code intermediate language of an Ethereum smart contract that provides low-level access to EVM bytecode. It’s deployed during the optimization of gas spent and the construction of very efficient contracts.
Yul is not for the faint of heart, however, as its not easy to learn, but it is useful for developers needing to control contract execution.
Yul Features
- EVM bytecode intermediate language.
- Gives control over Smart contracts to a low level.
- Maximizes gas profits and contracts effectiveness.
- Despite being advantageous for professionals, it is not simple for beginners.
7. LIGO
LIGO is a high-level for the development of smart contracts on the Tezos blockchain. It has many multi-syntax (Pascal, Camel and Reason) and emphasizes formal verification of the contract.

LIGO is great for those building on Tezos and wishing to maintain a high level of security and reliability.
LIGO Features
- A high-level language to develop smart contracts for Tezos block chain.
- Incorporates multiple syntaxes like Pascal, Camel, Reasons.
- Concentrates on formal verification for correctness.
- Perfect for dApps which are secure and reliable.
8. Pact
Pact is a human readable language for the Kadena blockchain that focuses on security with less complexity.

It enables formal verification and is more business logic oriented making it appropriate for enterprise level dApps. Pact’s smart database integration makes contract drafting effortless.
Pact Features
- Widespread language with Human-readable and simple syntax.
- Tailored to the Kadena Blockchain.
- Assists in formal verification and has support for database integration.
- Concentrates on enterprise oriented smart contracts.
9. Scilla
Smart Contract Intermediate-level Language (Scilla) is a dApp development tool for Zilliqa blockchain. Scilla improves security as it separates computation from communication, which reduces the chance of certain vulnerabilities.

Formal verification of Scilla’s focus with security makes it a reputable choice for dApps development.
Scilla Features
- Zilliqa middle level language.
- Computes and communicates in separated channels for security.
- Stronger on formal verification and safety.
- Best suited for secure decentralized applications.
10. JavaScript
JavaScript is not meant for writing smart contracts, yet it is frequently used together with Ethers.js and Web3.js, which integrate front ends in Web3 development.

It plays an important role in the use of blockchain networks and user interface development for decentralized applications.
Javascript Features
- Not quite a smart contract setting language, but crucial in Web3.
- Front end and blockchain interaction.
- Ethers.js and Web3.js for Ethereum Development.
- Popular, easy to learn.
Conclusion
For Web3 projects, picking the best smart contract language will always rely on the specific blockchain and the project needs. Solidity remains the number one most flexible and usable smart language for Ethereum and EVM chains due to its vast available infrastructure and developer supply.
For projects with a focus on security, Vyper and Scilla are simpler and more auditable options. Rust is preferred in high bandwidth blockchains like Solana and Polkadot, while Move is designed for resource intensive functions in Aptos and Sui. zk-rollups and privacy-oriented dApps perform best in Cairo and LIGO is a great option for Tezos based applications.
For enterprise solutions, Pact on Kadena is the go to. Javascript is not considered a smart contract language, but it is essential in front end Web3 development. As a result, the languages differ due to the goals, platform, and complexity of the project.
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